Body Temperature Measurements for Metabolic Phenotyping in Mice
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Date
2017-07-31
Authors
Meyer, Sarola W
Ootsuka, Youichirou
Romanovsky, Andrej A
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Frontiers Media S.A.
Rights
Copyright © 2017 Meyer, Ootsuka and Romanovsky.
Rights Holder
Meyer, Ootsuka and Romanovsky.
Abstract
Key Points
• Rectal probing is subject to procedural bias. This method is suitable for first-line phenotyping, provided probe depth and measurement duration are standardized. It is also useful for detecting individuals with out-of-range body temperatures (during hypothermia, torpor).
• The colonic temperature attained by inserting the probe >2 cm deep is a measure of deep (core) body temperature.
• IR imaging of the skin is useful for detecting heat leaks and autonomous thermoregulatory alterations, but it does not measure body temperature.
• Temperature of the hairy or shaved skin covering the inter-scapular brown adipose tissue can be used as a measure of BAT thermogenesis. However, obtaining such measurements of sufficient quality is very difficult, and interpreting them can be tricky. Temperature differences between the inter-scapular and lumbar areas can be a better measure of the thermogenic activity of inter-scapular brown adipose tissue.
• Implanted probes for precise determination of BAT temperature (changes) should be fixed close to the Sulzer's vein. For measurement of BAT thermogenesis, core body temperature and BAT temperature should be recorded simultaneously.
• Tail temperature is suitable to compare the presence or absence of vasoconstriction or vasodilation.
• Continuous, longitudinal monitoring of core body temperature is preferred over single probing, as the readings are taken in a non-invasive, physiological context.
• Combining core body temperature measurements with metabolic rate measurements yields insights into the interplay between heat production and heat loss (thermal conductance), potentially revealing novel thermoregulatory phenotypes.
Endothermic organisms rely on tightly balanced energy budgets to maintain a regulated body temperature and body mass. Metabolic phenotyping of mice, therefore, often includes the recording of body temperature. Thermometry in mice is conducted at various sites, using various devices and measurement practices, ranging from single-time probing to continuous temperature imaging. Whilst there is broad agreement that body temperature data is of value, procedural considerations of body temperature measurements in the context of metabolic phenotyping are missing. Here, we provide an overview of the various methods currently available for gathering body temperature data from mice. We explore the scope and limitations of thermometry in mice, with the hope of assisting researchers in the selection of appropriate approaches, and conditions, for comprehensive mouse phenotypic analyses.
Description
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Keywords
colonic temperature, Rectal probing, IR imaging of the skin, mouse,, phenotyping,, body temperature, thermography,, metabolism,, telemetric recordings,, mouse models
Citation
Meyer, C. W., Ootsuka, Y., & Romanovsky, A. A. (2017). Body Temperature Measurements for Metabolic Phenotyping in Mice. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00520