Enumerating Virus-Like Particles and Bacterial Populations in the Sinuses of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients Using Flow Cytometry

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dc.contributor.authorCarlson-Jones, Jessica
dc.contributor.authorPaterson, James
dc.contributor.authorNewton, Kelly
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Renee J
dc.contributor.authorDann, Lisa M
dc.contributor.authorSpeck, Peter Gerald
dc.contributor.authorMitchell, James Gordon
dc.contributor.authorWormald, Peter John
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-24T03:39:01Z
dc.date.available2016-10-24T03:39:01Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.descriptionThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en
dc.description.abstractThere is increasing evidence to suggest that the sinus microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the concentration of these microorganisms within the sinuses is still unknown.We show that flow cytometry can be used to enumerate bacteria and virus-like particles (VLPs) in sinus flush samples of CRS patients. This was achieved through trialling 5 sample preparation techniques for flow cytometry. We found high concentrations of bacteria and VLPs in these samples. Untreated samples produced the highest average bacterial and VLP counts with 3.3 ± 0.74 x 107 bacteria ml-1 and 2.4 ± 1.23 x 109 VLP ml-1 of sinus flush (n = 9). These counts were significantly higher than most of the treated samples (p < 0.05). Results showed 103 and 104 times inter-patient variation for bacteria and VLP concentrations. This wide variation suggests that diagnosis and treatment need to be personalised and that utilising flow cytometry is useful and efficient for this. This study is the first to enumerate bacterial and VLP populations in the maxillary sinus of CRS patients. The relevance of enumeration is that with increasing antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics are becoming less effective at treating bacterial infections of the sinuses, so alternative therapies are needed. Phage therapy has been proposed as one such alternative, but for dosing, the abundance of bacteria is required. Knowledge of whether phages are normally present in the sinuses will assist in gauging the safety of applying phage therapy to sinuses. Our finding, that large numbers of VLP are frequently present in sinuses, indicates that phage therapy may represent a minimally disruptive intervention towards the nasal microbiome. We propose that flow cytometry can be used as a tool to assess microbial biomass dynamics in sinuses and other anatomical locations where infection can cause disease.en
dc.identifier.citationCarlson-Jones JAP, Paterson JS, Newton K, Smith RJ, Dann LM, Speck P, et al. (2016) Enumerating Virus-Like Particles and Bacterial Populations in the Sinuses of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients Using Flow Cytometry. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0155003. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155003en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155003en
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2328/36449
dc.language.isoen
dc.oaire.license.condition.licenseCC-BY
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen
dc.rightsCopyright © 2016 Carlson-Jones et al.en
dc.rights.holderThe Authorsen
dc.titleEnumerating Virus-Like Particles and Bacterial Populations in the Sinuses of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients Using Flow Cytometryen
dc.typeArticleen
local.contributor.authorOrcidLookupMitchell, James Gordon: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-0935en_US
local.contributor.authorOrcidLookupPaterson, James: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1193-5739en_US
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