College of Medicine and Public Health

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https://hdl.handle.net/2328/26052

The College of Medicine and Public Health deliver clinical, population and lab based research, integrated teaching programs and high quality clinical services.

Our teaching footprint reaches out from our world class teaching hospital at the Flinders Medical Centre in South Australia to multiple rural clinical locations all the way to Darwin in the Northern Territory.

We promote research in health services, systems improvements, public and population health, improved clinical care and laboratory and precision medicine.

This approach has seen us investigate everything from community health problems to the smallest of molecules that influence human disease.

Our research and teaching equips the next generation of leaders and innovators with the skill, commitment and vision to protect vulnerable communities and truly advance health outcomes. It’s at the heart of everything we do.

It’s about improving the health and wellbeing for everyone in society.

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Browsing College of Medicine and Public Health by Author "Abebe, Zegeye"

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    Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
    (Elsevier, 2018-09-19) Troeger, Christopher; Blacker, Brigette; Khalil, Ibrahim A; Rao, Puja C; Cao, Jackie; Zimsen, Stephanie R M; Albertson, Samuel B; Deshpande, Aniruddha; Farag, Tamer; Abebe, Zegeye; Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Akibu, Mohammed; Al Lami, Faris Hasan; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T; Amoako, Yaw Ampem; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Aremu, Olatunde; Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay; Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal; Atey, Tesfay Mehari; Attia, Engi Farouk; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur; Ayele, Henok Tadesse; Ayuk, Tambe Betrand; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Barac, Aleksandra; Bassat, Quique; Behzadifar, Masoud; Behzadifar, Meysam; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bijani, Ali; Brauer, Michael; Brown, Alexandria; Camargos, Paulo A M; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Colombara, Danny; Conti, Sara; Dadi, Abel Fekadu; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Do, Huyen Phuc; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Edessa, Dumessa; Elkout, Hajer; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Fijabi, Daniel Obadare; Foreman, Kyle J; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H; Fullman, Nancy; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L; Gessner, Bradford D; Gething, Peter W; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Tarun; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Hedayati, Mohammad T; Heidari, Mohsen; Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw; Horita, Nobuyuki; SIlesanmi, Olayinka; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B; Jamal, Amr A; Kahsay, Amaha; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassa, Dessalegn Haile; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Md Nuruzzaman; Khang, Young-Ho; Kim, Yun Jin; Kissoon, Niranjan; Knibbs, Luke D; Kochhar, Sonali; Koul, Parvaiz A; Kumar, G Anil; Lodha, Rakesh; El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mathew, Joseph L; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammed, Mohammed A; Momeniha, Fatemeh; Murthy, Srinivas; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Nielsen, Katie R; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Oren, Eyal; Ortiz, Justin R; Pa, Mahesh; Postma, Maarten J; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quansah, Reginald; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rana, Saleem M; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ray, Sarah E; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Ruhago, George Mugambage; Safiri, Saeid; Salomon, Joshua A; Sartorius, Benn; Savic, Miloje; Sawhney, Monika; She, Jun; Sheikh, Aziz; Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay; Shigematsu, Mika; Singh, Jasvinder A; Somayaji, Ranjani; Stanaway, Jeffrey D; Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale; Taffere, Getachew Redae; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Thompson, Matthew J; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Topor-Madry, Roman; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tran, Tung Thanh; Tuem, Kald Beshir; Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna; Vollset, Stein Emil; Walson, Judd L; Weldegebreal, Fitsum; West, Andrea Werdecker T Eoin; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Zhou, Lei; Zodpey, Sanjay; Vos, Theo; Naghavi, Mohsen; Lim, Stephen S; Mokdad, Ali H; Murray, Christopher J L; Hay, Simon I; Reiner Jr, Robert C
    Background Lower respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016, provides an up-to-date analysis of the burden of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries. This study assesses cases, deaths, and aetiologies spanning the past 26 years and shows how the burden of lower respiratory infection has changed in people of all ages. Methods We used three separate modelling strategies for lower respiratory infections in GBD 2016: a Bayesian hierarchical ensemble modelling platform (Cause of Death Ensemble model), which uses vital registration, verbal autopsy data, and surveillance system data to predict mortality due to lower respiratory infections; a compartmental meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR), which uses scientific literature, population representative surveys, and health-care data to predict incidence, prevalence, and mortality; and modelling of counterfactual estimates of the population attributable fraction of lower respiratory infection episodes due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus. We calculated each modelled estimate for each age, sex, year, and location. We modelled the exposure level in a population for a given risk factor using DisMod-MR and a spatio-temporal Gaussian process regression, and assessed the effectiveness of targeted interventions for each risk factor in children younger than 5 years. We also did a decomposition analysis of the change in LRI deaths from 2000–16 using the risk factors associated with LRI in GBD 2016. Findings In 2016, lower respiratory infections caused 652 572 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 586 475–720 612) in children younger than 5 years (under-5s), 1 080 958 deaths (943 749–1 170 638) in adults older than 70 years, and 2 377 697 deaths (2 145 584–2 512 809) in people of all ages, worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the leading cause of lower respiratory infection morbidity and mortality globally, contributing to more deaths than all other aetiologies combined in 2016 (1 189 937 deaths, 95% UI 690 445–1 770 660). Childhood wasting remains the leading risk factor for lower respiratory infection mortality among children younger than 5 years, responsible for 61·4% of lower respiratory infection deaths in 2016 (95% UI 45·7–69·6). Interventions to improve wasting, household air pollution, ambient particulate matter pollution, and expanded antibiotic use could avert one under-5 death due to lower respiratory infection for every 4000 children treated in the countries with the highest lower respiratory infection burden. Interpretation Our findings show substantial progress in the reduction of lower respiratory infection burden, but this progress has not been equal across locations, has been driven by decreases in several primary risk factors, and might require more effort among elderly adults. By highlighting regions and populations with the highest burden, and the risk factors that could have the greatest effect, funders, policy makers, and programme implementers can more effectively reduce lower respiratory infections among the world's most susceptible populations.